Check out this 13 story building laying intact on its side. Here is what happened.(1) An underground garage was being dug on the south side, to a depth of 4.6 meters.
(2) The excavated dirt was being piled up on the north side, to a height of 10 meters.
(3) The building experienced uneven lateral pressure from south and north.
(4) This resulted in a lateral pressure of 3,000 tons, which was greater than what the pilings could tolerate. Thus the building toppled over in the southerly direction.
They built 13 stories on grade, with no basement, and tied it all down to hollow pilings with no rebar. This is in Shanghai. I guess 13 is an unlucky number after all.
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